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The Region
The
special region of Yogyakarta is the second smallest province
in Indonesia after the Jakarta Capital Territory.
The
morphological condition of each district and municipality
is as follows:
- The
Yogyakarta municipality is located in the center of
the Province, with an average height of 114m above sea
level. There are 3 rivers flowing through the city: the
Code, the Winongo and the Gajahwong.
- Bantul regency, which has an average height of 100m above sea
level, is a lowland with its steep Southern seashore.
Hills comprise only 10% of the whole area. Bantul is therefore
fertile, with large rice and sugarcane fields.
- Kulonprogo regency is mostly hilly. The Menoreh hill resort lies
in the northern part at an average height of 573m above
sea level, and falls to the South. Close to the southern
seashore the height is about 160m above sea level. The
area is quite fertile and suitable for commercial farming.
- Gunungkidul regency consists of hills spreading from North to
South called the Pegunungan Seribu (thousand mountains),
which end on the steep southern shore. The soil consists
mostly of limestone and is therefore infertile. The northern
part is between 200 and 700m above sea level. Water resources
are easy to find because rivers are still flowing there.
The central zone, which consists of a wide plateau between
150 and 300m above sea level, gets its water resources
only from underground rivers. The southern part is fallow
land: rocky, dry and bare, with rivers deep under the
ground. There are many limestone caves and stagnant ponds
which can keep rainwater, but which usually dry up before
the end of the dry season.
- Sleman regency lies in the northern part of the special region
of Yogyakarta, on slopes of Mt.Merapi. The average height
is from 140 to 600m above sea level, rising to the North,
with some villages 1200m above sea level. Sleman is mostly
fertile and gets enough water because of the conservation
forest on the slopes of Mt.Merapi and the irrigation canal
called the Selokan Mataram which carries water between
the Progo and Opak rivers. The district is given over
to farming and the main food crops are rice, soybeans
and peanuts on the black volcanic soil of the lowlands,
while cassava are grown in the limestone hills.
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